ANSI/ASTM E1956-2005 辐射处理用热致发光剂量测定(TLD)系统的使用规程
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【英文标准名称】:PracticeforUseofThermoluminescence-Dosimetry(TLD)SystemsforRadiationProcessing
【原文标准名称】:辐射处理用热致发光剂量测定(TLD)系统的使用规程
【标准号】:ANSI/ASTME1956-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2005-01-01
【实施或试行日期】:2005-01-01
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:热致发光剂量;辐射测量;剂量测定;辐射;计量学;处理
【英文主题词】:thermoluminescencedosimetry;processing;radiation;metrology;radiationmeasurement;dosimetry
【摘要】:Thispracticecoversproceduresfortheuseofthermoluminescencedosimeters(TLDs)utilizedasroutinedosimeterstodeterminetheabsorbeddoseinamaterialirradiatedbyionizingradiation.ExamplesofmaterialsusefulasTLDsincludeLiF,CaF2,CaSO4,Li2B4O7andAl2O3.Althoughsomeelementsoftheprocedureshavebroaderapplication,thespecificareaofconcernisradiationprocessingofmaterialssuchasbloodproducts,food,andinsectsforsterilereleaseprograms.Thispracticeisapplicabletothemeasurementofabsorbeddoseinmaterialsirradiatedbygammarays,Xrays,andelectrons.Sourceenergiescoveredarefrom0.1to50MeVphotonsandelectrons.Therangeofabsorbeddosecoveredisapproximatelyfrom1to105Gy(102to107rad),andtherangeofabsorbeddoseratesisapproximatelyfrom10-2to1010Gy/s(1to1012rad/s).Absorbeddoseandabsorbeddose-ratemeasurementsinmaterialssubjectedtoneutronirradiationarenotcoveredinthispractice.ProceduresfortheuseofTLDsfordeterminingabsorbeddoseinradiation-hardnesstestingofelectronicdevicesaregiveninPracticeE668.ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:N11
【国际标准分类号】:17_240
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Engineeringstructures.Repairandstrengtheningofconcreteandmasonryconstructions.Specificationspertainingtothestructurefoundations.
【原文标准名称】:工程结构.混凝土和砖石构筑物的修缮与加固.结构地基规范
【标准号】:NFP95-106-1993
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1993-08-01
【实施或试行日期】:1993-08-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P25
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:45P;A4
【正文语种】:其他
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforDeterminingLooseandTappedBulkDensitiesofPowdersusingaGraduatedCylinder
【原文标准名称】:利用量筒测定松散和堆粉密度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7481-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.24
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:loosebulkdensity;tappedbulkdensity
【摘要】:Thedatafromtheloosebulkdensitytestcanbeusedtoestimatethesizeofbags,totes,smallbinsorhoppersforthestorageofafixedmassofpowderinitsloosecondition.Itcanalsobeusedtoestimatethemassofpowderthatwillfitinsmallsizecontainerssuchasdrums.Itcannotbeusedtoestimatepowderquantitiesoflargevesselssuchassilos.Valuesofloosebulkdensityobtainedusingthistestmethodshouldbeusedwithcaution,sincetheycanvaryconsiderablydependingontheinitalstateofdispersionofthetestspecimen,height-to-diameterratioofspecimeningraduatedcylinder,drynessofpowder,andotherfactors.Thedatafromthetappedbulkdensitytestcanbeusedtoestimatetheneededvolumeofsmallcontainersholdingafixedmassofpowderthathasbeencompacted.Anexamplewouldbeapackinglinewherevibrationisusedtotamppowdersintoasmallcontainerforeffectivepackingpurposes.Bulkdensityvaluescanvarysignificantlyiftheparticlesizeoftheactualmaterialtobehandledisdifferentthantested.Abulksolidconsistingoflargeandsmallparticlesoftenhashigherbulkdensitiesthanthefineparticlesbythemselves.Forpowders,lowerdensitiesarepossibleifthefineparticlesarefluidizedoraerated.Theresultsofthistestmethodaremostapplicabletocontainerswithvolumesuptoaboutonecubicmeter.Anothermethod(suchasD6683)shouldbeusedwhenconsideringlargersilos.Note18212;Thequalityoftheresultsproducedbythisstandardisdependentonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingit,andthesuitabilityoftheequipmentandfacilitiesused.AgenciesthatmeetthecriteriaofPracticeD3740aregenerallyconsideredcapableofcompetentandobjectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc.UsersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfassurereliableresults.Reliableresultsdependonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameansofevaluatingsomeofthosefactors.PracticeD3740wasdevelopedforagenciesengagedinthetestingorinspection(orboth)ofsoilandrock.Assuchitisnottotallyapplicabletoagenciesperformingthisstandard.However,usersofthisstandardshouldrecognizethattheframeworkofPracticeD3740isappropriateforevaluatingthequalityofanagencyperformingthisstandard.Currentlythereisnoknownqualifyingnationalauthoritythatinspectsagenciesthatperformthisstandard.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheapparatusandproceduresfordeterminingthebulkdensitiesoffreeflowingandmoderatelycohesivepowdersandgranularmaterialsupto3.5mminsizeintheirloose(MethodA)andtapped(MethodB)states.1.2Thistestmethodshouldbeperformedinalaboratoryundercontrolledconditionsoftemperatureandhumidity.1.3ThistestmethodissimilartothoseofTestMethodsB212,D29,andD2854.1.4AllobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPracticeD6026.1.4.1Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/recordedorcalculatedinthisstandardareregardedastheindustrystandard.Inadditiontheyarerepresentativeofthesignificantdigitsthatgenerallyshouldberetained.Theproceduresuseddonotconsidermaterialvariations,purposeforobtainingthedata,specialpurposestudies,oranyconsiderationsfortheuserx2019;sobjectives;anditiscommonpracticetoincreaseorreducesignificantdigitsofreportedda......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:17_060
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】: